Physical Features of India-Question Answer

NCERT Solutions Class 9 Social Science Chapter 2 Geography Physical Features of
India

Exercise Question Answer

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1. What is the bhabar?

Answer:
The rivers, after descending from the mountains deposit pebbles in a narrow belt of about 8 to 16 km in width lying parallel to the slopes of the Shiwaliks. It is known as bhabar.

2. Distinguish Between Bhangar and Khadar.
Answer:
Bhangar: The largest part of the northern plain is formed of older alluvium They lie above the flood plains of the rivers and present a terrace-like feature. This part is known as bhangar.

Khadar: The soil in this region contains calcareous deposits locally known as kankar. The newer, younger deposits of the flood plains are called khadar. They are renewed almost every year and so are fertile, thus, ideal for intensive agriculture.

3. Distinguish Between the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats.

Answer:

Q4. Give a brief description of the Himalayan Mountains.

Answer:

1. Geologically, the Himalayas is the young and fold mountain .
 2. The Himalaya covers a distance of about 2,400 Km. Their width varies from 400 Km in Kashmir to 150 Km in Arunachal Pradesh..
 3. These mountain ranges run in a west-east direction from the Indus to the Brahmaputra.
4. The northern most range is known as the Great or Inner Himalayas or the ‘Himadri’.
 5. The range lying to the south of the Himadri forms the most rugged mountain system and is known as Himachal or lesser Himalaya.
6. The outer most range of the Himalayas is called the Shiwaliks.
7. The core of this part of Himalayas is composed of granite. It is perennially snow bound, and a number of glaciers descend from this range.

Q5. Which are the major physiographic divisions of India? Contrast the relief of the Himalayan region with that of
the Peninsular plateau.

Answer:

The physical features of India can be grouped under the following physiographic divisions:

The Himalayan Mountains
The Northern Plains
The Peninsular Plateau
The Indian Desert
The Coastal Plains
The Islands

The Himalayan Mountains:

The Himalaya consists of three parallel ranges in its longitudinal extent. A number of valleys lie between these
ranges. The northernmost range is known as the Great or Inner Himalayas or the ‘Himadri’. It is the most continuous range consisting of the loftiest peaks with an average height of 6,000 metres. It contains all the prominent Himalayan peaks.

The  Peninsular Plateau

 The Deccan Plateau is a triangular landmass that lies to the south of the river Narmada. The Satpura range flanks
its broad base in the north while the Mahadev, the Kaimur hills and the Maikal range form its eastern extensions. The Deccan Plateau is higher in the west and slopes gently eastwards. It is separated by a fault from the Chotanagpur Plateau. Three Prominent hill ranges from the west to east are the Garo, the Khasi and the Jaintia Hills.

6. Write short notes on the following.

(i) The Indian Desert.

 (ii) The Central Highlands.

Answer:

(i) The Indian Desert:

1. The Indian desert lies towards the western margins of the Aravali Hills. It is an undulating sandy plain covered with sand dunes.
   This region receives very low rainfall below 150 mm per year.  It has arid climate with low vegetation cover.
2. Streams appear during the rainy season. Soon after they disappear into the sand as they do not have enough water to reach the sea.
3. Luni is the only large river in this region. Barchans (crescent-shaped dunes) cover larger areas but longitudinal dunes become more prominent near the Indo-Pakistan boundary.

(ii) The Central Highlands:

1. The Peninsular plateau consists of two broad divisions, namely, the Central Highlands and the Deccan Plateau.
2. The part of the Peninsular plateau lying to the north of the Narmada river covering a major area of the Malwa plateau is known as the Central Highlands.
3. The Vindhyan range is bounded by the Central Highlands on the south and the Aravalis on the northwest.
4. The further westward extension gradually merges with the sandy and rocky desert of Rajasthan.

7. What do you meant by doab?

Answer:

The land between two rivers is locally known as the doab.

8. Why are the Himalayas called the young fold mountains?

Answer:

The Himalayas are not very old, they are of recent birth. So they are called the young fold mountains. 

9. “Each physiographic region of India complements the other and makes the country richer in its natural resources.”
Justify this statement with five examples.

                                                                Or

‘The diverse physical features of India are of immense value’. Justify the statement by giving suitable examples.

Answer:

Importance of diverse physical features of India is as follows:

1. The northern mountains are the major sources of water and forest wealth.
2. The northern plains are the granaries of the country. They provide the base for early civilizations.
3. The plateau is a storehouse of minerals which has played a crucial role in the industrialization of the country.
4. The coastal region and island groups provide sites for fishing and port activities.
5. The deserts are the storehouse of solar energy.

10. Describe any five features of northern plains of India.

Answer:

Features of northern plains of India are:

1. The northern plains have been formed from the alluvium deposited by the mountain rivers.
2. They are located between the Himalayan rivers in the north and the Peninsular Plateau in the south.
3. They turned the soil on the surfaced land fertile for growing a rich harvest of variety of crops.
4. The Northern Plains made up of deposits of alluvium and cover an area of 7 lakh sq. km.
5. The Northern plains  densely populated physiographic division of India.
6. The Northern Plains  believed to be highly productive in terms of agriculture.
7. The North Indian plains have the Indus river system in the west and the Ganga, Brahmaputra river system in the East.
8. The northern plain is divided into three sections — Punjab plain, Ganga plain and Brahmaputra plain. The Ganga plain has diverse relief features. It has four belts.

 11. “The land of India displays great physical variations”. Justify this statement with five examples.

Answer:

Physical variations of land of India are:

1. Geologically, the Peninsular Plateau constitutes one of the ancient landmasses on the earth’s surface. It was supposed to be one of the most stable land blocks.
2. The Himalayas and the Northern Plains are the most recent landforms.
3. From the view point of geology, Himalayan Mountains form an unstable zone.
4. The whole mountain system of Himalaya represents a very youthful topography with high peaks, deep valleys and fast flowing rivers.
5. The Northern Plain is formed of alluvial deposits.
6. The Peninsular Plateau is composed of igneous and metamorphic rocks with gently rising hills and wide valleys.

12. Differentiate between Himalayan Region and Peninsular Palteau.

Answer:

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