PPTs-India’s Cultural Roots-Class 6-Social Science

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India’s Cultural Roots

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Cultural Roots:

Indian culture, is several millenniums old.

Like a tree, it has many roots and many branches.

The roots nurture a common trunk. 

And from the trunk emerge many branches.

Some of these branches are about:

art, literature, science, medicine, religion, the art of governance, martial arts.

The Vedas and Vedic Culture:

What are the Vedas?

The word “Veda” comes from the Sanskrit which means ‘knowledge’.

There are four Vedas — the Ṛig Veda, the Yajur Veda, the Sāma

Veda and the Atharva Veda.

The Vedas consist of thousands of hymns — prayers in the

form of poems and songs.

The Vedic hymns were composed by rishis (male seers or sages) and rishikas (female ones) in Sanskrit language.

Vedic schools of thought:

Vedic culture also developed many rituals:

Daily rituals were generally in the form of prayers and offerings to Agni, 

the deity associated with fire.

A group of texts known as ‘Upaniṣhads’ built upon Vedic concepts and introduced new ones, such as rebirth (taking birth again and again) and karma (our actions or their results).

According to one school of thought, generally known as ‘Vedanta’, everything — human life, nature and the universe.

The Upaniṣhads also introduced the concept of ātman or Self.

Buddhism:

About two-and-a-half millenniums ago, a young prince named Siddhārtha Gautama was born in Lumbini (today in Nepal).

Siddhārtha Gautama grew up living a protected life in the palace. 

One day, at the age of 29, he asked to be driven through the city in a chariot, and for the first time in his life came across an old man, a sick man, and a dead body.

He also saw an ascetic, who appeared to be happy and at peace.

Mahatma Buddh

He searched for the root cause of suffering in human life. 

After meditating for many days under a pipal tree at Bodh Gaya (today in Bihar). 

He attained enlightenment; he realised that avidyā (ignorance) and attachment are the source of human suffering and conceived a method to remove these two causes.

Siddhārtha, then, became known as the ‘Buddha’, which means the ‘enlightened’ or ‘awakened’ one.

The Buddha founded the Sangha, a community of bhikṣhus or monks (and, later, bhikṣhuṇīs or nuns).

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The Beginning of Indian Civilization

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