Topicwise Question Answer-Chapter Print Culture and the Modern World-Class 10 - Social Science
Q1. Which three countries developed earliest print technology?
Answer: China, Japan and Korea.
Q2. What was woodblock printing?
Answer: Paper was rubbed against the inked surface of woodblock.
Q3. What is ‘Calligraphy’?
Answer:- It is the art of beautiful and stylish writing.
Q4. What is according books? Mention its features.
Answer:-
1. Chinese according books were hand printed.
2. They were printed by rubbing paper against the inked surface of wood blocks.
3. Printing was done on one side of paper and other side was blank due to its porous nature.
4. These one-sided printed sheets were folded and stitched at the sides.
5. This came to be known as according books.
Q5. How was printing culture influenced by the spread of cities and urban culture of in China?
Or
How did use of print get diversified in China in 17th century?
Answer:-
1. With the spread of urban culture, the uses of print became diversified.
2. Now only officials did not need print. Print was used in trade to help the merchants to collect trade information.
3. People started reading a lot in their leisure time. The new readership now preferred reading novels, poetry, autobiographies, romantic plays, and anthologies of literary master pieces.
4. Women became involved not only in reading but also in writing. They started writing poetry, plays and autobiographies.
5. Rich women read a lot and their works were published also. Wives of scholar officials published their work.
1. With the spread of urban culture, the uses of print became diversified.
2. Now only officials did not need print. Print was used in trade to help the merchants to collect trade information.
3. People started reading a lot in their leisure time. The new readership now preferred reading novels, poetry, autobiographies, romantic plays, and anthologies of literary master pieces.
4. Women became involved not only in reading but also in writing. They started writing poetry, plays and autobiographies.
5. Rich women read a lot and their works were published also. Wives of scholar officials published their work.
Q6. Who introduced hand printing technology in Japan?
Answer. Buddhist missionaries from China.
Q7. Which is the oldest printed Japanese book?
Answer:- Diamond Sutra.
Q8. Give the ancient name of Tokyo.
Answer:- Edo
Q9. Who were scribes?
Answer:- The scribes wrote the manuscripts by hand.
Q10. What were the chief characteristics of the earliest print culture in Japan?
Explain any five.
Answer:-
1. Buddhist missionaries from China introduced hand printing technology into Japan around AD 768- 770.
2. The oldest Japanese book printed in AD 868is the Buddhist diamond sutra.
3. Pictures were printed on textiles, playing cards and paper money.
4. Printed of visual material led to interesting publishing practices.
5. Libraries and bookstores were packed with hand printed materials.
Q11. Discuss why the knowledge of woodblock printing came to Europe only after 1295?
Or
How did print come to Europe from China? Explain.
Answer:-
1. In the 11th century, Chinese paper reached Europe via the Silk Route.
2. Paper made possible the production of manuscripts carefully written by scribes.
3. Then in 1295, Marco Polo a great Explorer, returned to Italy after many years of exploration in China.
4. Marco Polo brought wood block knowledge back with him.
5. No Italians began producing books with wood blocks and soon the technologies spread to other parts of Europe.
1. In the 11th century, Chinese paper reached Europe via the Silk Route.
2. Paper made possible the production of manuscripts carefully written by scribes.
3. Then in 1295, Marco Polo a great Explorer, returned to Italy after many years of exploration in China.
4. Marco Polo brought wood block knowledge back with him.
5. No Italians began producing books with wood blocks and soon the technologies spread to other parts of Europe.
Q12. What is Vellum? What was its use in Europe?
Answer:
1. Vellum is a parchment made from the skin of animals.
2. Luxury additions were still handwritten on very expensive vallum meant for aristocratic circles and rich monastic libraries.
3. Merchants and students in the University town board the cheaper printed copies.
1. Vellum is a parchment made from the skin of animals.
2. Luxury additions were still handwritten on very expensive vallum meant for aristocratic circles and rich monastic libraries.
3. Merchants and students in the University town board the cheaper printed copies.
Q13. What techniques were adopted by booksellers to increase the sale of books?
Answer:-
1. As the demand for the books increased, booksellers all over Europe begin exporting books to many different countries.
2. Book fairs were held at different places.
3. Production of handwritten manuscript was also organised in new ways to meet the expended demand.
4. Scribes or skilled handwriters were no longer solely employed by wealthy or influential patrons.
5. More than fifty scribes often worked for one bookseller.
1. As the demand for the books increased, booksellers all over Europe begin exporting books to many different countries.
2. Book fairs were held at different places.
3. Production of handwritten manuscript was also organised in new ways to meet the expended demand.
4. Scribes or skilled handwriters were no longer solely employed by wealthy or influential patrons.
5. More than fifty scribes often worked for one bookseller.
Q14. What were the drawbacks of handwritten manuscripts when compared to printed material?
Answer:-
1. Copying was an expensive and time consuming business.
2. Menuscripts were fragile and awkward to handle.
3. They could not be carried around or read easily.
4. Their circulation, therefore remained limited.
5. Menuscripts were difficult to read because style of writing of different people varied.
Q15. Give a short sketch of Johann Guttenberg.
Answer:-
1. Johann Guttenberg was born in the town of Strasbourg in Germany. He was the son of a merchant and brought up in a large agricultural estate.
2. As an adolescent, he learnt how to polish precious stones and became a skilled Goldsmith.
3. He also became an expert at making lead moulds which ultimately led to his invention of the printing press.
4. He used to lead moulds to cast the letters of the alphabets into metal types.
5. His inventions of the printing press brought about a revolution in the spread of books and book reading all over Europe.
Q16. What were the features of Gutenburg press
Or
“The new technology did not entirely displace the existing art of producing books by hand”. Justify the statement.
Answer:-
1. Printed books at first closely resemble the written manuscripts in appearance and layout.
2. The metal letters imitated the ornamental handwritten styles.
3. Borders were illuminated by hand with foliage.
4. In the books printed for the rich, space for decoration was kept blank on the printed page.
5. Each purchaser could choose the design and decide on the painting school that would do the illustrations.
Q17. “The print revolution had transformed the lives of the people changing their relationship to information and knowledge”. Analyse this statement.
Answer:-
1.A new reading public:-
With the printing press, a new reading public emerged. Access to the books created a new culture of reading. New books reach out the wider section of people.
1.A new reading public:-
With the printing press, a new reading public emerged. Access to the books created a new culture of reading. New books reach out the wider section of people.
2.Religious debates:-
Print created the possibility of wide circulation of ideas and introduced a new world of debates. Not everyone welcomed the printed books. It was feared that if there was no control ever what was printed then rebellions and religious throughout might spread.
Print created the possibility of wide circulation of ideas and introduced a new world of debates. Not everyone welcomed the printed books. It was feared that if there was no control ever what was printed then rebellions and religious throughout might spread.
3.Print and Dissent:-
Print and popular religions literature stimulated many distinctive interpretations of faith.
Print and popular religions literature stimulated many distinctive interpretations of faith.
Q18. Explain the significance of print revolution.
Or
With the printing press a new public emerged in Europe. Justify thestaement.
Answer:-
1. Printing reduced the cost of books. The time and labour require to produce each book came down.
2. Books flooded in the market reaching out to an ever-growing readership.
3. Now books could reach out to wider section of the people. If earlier there was a hearing public, now a reading public came into being.
4. Books could be read-only by the literate. Common people enjoyed listening to books.
5. So printers begin publishing popular ballads and folk tales.
6. Oral culture thus entered print and printed material was orally transmitted. That’s how oral and reading culture intermingled.
1. Printing reduced the cost of books. The time and labour require to produce each book came down.
2. Books flooded in the market reaching out to an ever-growing readership.
3. Now books could reach out to wider section of the people. If earlier there was a hearing public, now a reading public came into being.
4. Books could be read-only by the literate. Common people enjoyed listening to books.
5. So printers begin publishing popular ballads and folk tales.
6. Oral culture thus entered print and printed material was orally transmitted. That’s how oral and reading culture intermingled.
Q19. What was reading Mania?
Answer:- Unprecedented growth in literacy by setting up so many schools and production of books spread reading mania. It means people wanted books to read and printers production books in ever-increasing numbers.
Q20. What were chapbooks?
Answer:-
There were little books for the sale carried by peddlers known as Chapman in England to sell them for a penny each.
There were little books for the sale carried by peddlers known as Chapman in England to sell them for a penny each.
Q21. Who were Pedlars?
Answer:- Pedlars around villages, who roamed carrying little books for sale.
Q22. What were ‘Billiotique Bleue’?
Answer:-
In France, Billiotique Bleue were low priced small books printed on poor quality paper and bound in cheap blue covers.
In France, Billiotique Bleue were low priced small books printed on poor quality paper and bound in cheap blue covers.
Q23. Who compiled folk tales in Germany?
Answer:- The Grimm Brothers
Q24. Explain the features of handwritten manuscripts before the age of print in India.
Answer: Manuscripts were copied on Palm leaves or on handmade paper menu. Scripts were expensive and fragile. They were in various vernacular languages. They had to be handled carefully and they could not be read easily as this script was written in different styles.
Q25. When did the first printing press came to India?
Answer:- The first printing press came to Goa with Portuguese missionaries.
Q26. What was Bengal Gazette?
Answer:- Bengal Gazette was a weekly magazine that described itself as a ‘commercial paper open to all but influenced by none’.
Q27. Which was the first Indian weekly published by Indians?
Answer:- Bengal Gazette brought by Gangadhar Bhtatachaya.
Q28. Which book was written by Jyotiba Phule?
Answer:- Gulamgiri, about the injustice of the cast system.
Q29. Name the first weekly paper published in India.
Answer: Bengal Gezette
Q30. Who wrote the autobiography ‘ Amar Jiban’, published in 1876?
Answer:- Rash Sundari Debi
Q31. Explain the rolo print in the religious reforms in india?
Answer:-
1. Debate over social issues:-
Print initiated an intense controversy between social and religious reformers and the Hindu orthodox over matters like widow immolation, monotheism, Brahmnical priesthood, and Idolatry.
1. Debate over social issues:-
Print initiated an intense controversy between social and religious reformers and the Hindu orthodox over matters like widow immolation, monotheism, Brahmnical priesthood, and Idolatry.
2. Ideas of reformers:-
Print carried the ideas of social reformers to the common people. For example, Sambad Kaumudi carried the ideas and philosophy of Rammohunroy.
Print carried the ideas of social reformers to the common people. For example, Sambad Kaumudi carried the ideas and philosophy of Rammohunroy.
3. Reformers in Muslims:-
In North India, the ulama were deeply anxious about the collapse of Muslim dynasties. They feared that colonial rulers would encourage conversion, change the Muslim personal laws.
In North India, the ulama were deeply anxious about the collapse of Muslim dynasties. They feared that colonial rulers would encourage conversion, change the Muslim personal laws.
4. Reformers in Hindu:- Among Hindu, too, print encouraged the reading of religious text, especially in the vernacular languages. The first printed edition of the Ramcharitmanas of Tulsidas 16th century texte, came out from Calcutta in 1810.
Q32. Explain the impact of print on Indian women.
Answer:-
1. Writers started writing about the lives and features of women and this increased the number of women readers.
2. Women writers write their own autobiography. They highlighted the condition of women, their ignorance and how they force to do hard domestic labour.
3. A large section of Hindu writing was devoted to the education of women.
4. In the early 20th century, the journals written by women became very popular in which women’s education, widowhood, widow remarriage were discussed.
5. Many writers published how to teach women to be obedient wives.
1. Writers started writing about the lives and features of women and this increased the number of women readers.
2. Women writers write their own autobiography. They highlighted the condition of women, their ignorance and how they force to do hard domestic labour.
3. A large section of Hindu writing was devoted to the education of women.
4. In the early 20th century, the journals written by women became very popular in which women’s education, widowhood, widow remarriage were discussed.
5. Many writers published how to teach women to be obedient wives.
Q33. “By the end of the 19th century a new visual culture was taking shape”. Write the features of this new visual culture.
Answer:-
1. Printing press and visual culture:-
The printing press had a deep impact on the visual images. Also, now visual images could be easily reproduced in multiple copies.
1. Printing press and visual culture:-
The printing press had a deep impact on the visual images. Also, now visual images could be easily reproduced in multiple copies.
2. Images for mass circulation:-
Painters like Raja Ravi Verma produced images for mass circulation. Cheap prints and calendars could be brought even by the poor.
Painters like Raja Ravi Verma produced images for mass circulation. Cheap prints and calendars could be brought even by the poor.
3. Caricatures and cartoons:-
By the 1870s, caricatures and cartoons were being published in journals and newspapers. Some of these made fun of the educated Indian fascination to copy Western taste and clothes.
By the 1870s, caricatures and cartoons were being published in journals and newspapers. Some of these made fun of the educated Indian fascination to copy Western taste and clothes.
4. Reduction of cost and visual culture:-
Mass production of visual images reduced the cost of production. So cheap prints and calendars were available in the market. Even for the poor to decorate the walls of their homes.
Mass production of visual images reduced the cost of production. So cheap prints and calendars were available in the market. Even for the poor to decorate the walls of their homes.
5. Indian form:-
The new visual culture acquired distinctively Indian forms and style. Artist like Raja Ravi Verma depicted the scenes from Hindu epic.
The new visual culture acquired distinctively Indian forms and style. Artist like Raja Ravi Verma depicted the scenes from Hindu epic.
Q34. “Printing technology gave women a chance to share their feelings with the world outside”. Support the statement with suitable examples.
Or
Explain the impacts of printing books on women in India in the 19th century.
Answer:-
1. Rashsundri Debi, a young married girl in a very orthodox household learnt to read in the secrecy of her kitchen. Later, she wrote her autobiographyAmar Jiban which was published in 1876.
2.In the 1860s, many Bengali women writers like Kailashbashini Debi wrote books highlighting the experience of women about how women were imprisoned at home.
3. In 1880s, in present day Maharastra ,Tarabai Shinde and Pandita Ramabai wrote with passionate anger about the miserable lives of the upper cast Hindu woman.
4. In the early 20th century, the journals written by women became very popular in which women’s education, widowhood, widow remarriage, etc. were discussed.
5. In Punjab Ram Chaddha published Istri Durham Vichar to teach women how to be obedient wives.
1. Rashsundri Debi, a young married girl in a very orthodox household learnt to read in the secrecy of her kitchen. Later, she wrote her autobiographyAmar Jiban which was published in 1876.
2.In the 1860s, many Bengali women writers like Kailashbashini Debi wrote books highlighting the experience of women about how women were imprisoned at home.
3. In 1880s, in present day Maharastra ,Tarabai Shinde and Pandita Ramabai wrote with passionate anger about the miserable lives of the upper cast Hindu woman.
4. In the early 20th century, the journals written by women became very popular in which women’s education, widowhood, widow remarriage, etc. were discussed.
5. In Punjab Ram Chaddha published Istri Durham Vichar to teach women how to be obedient wives.
Q35. Explain now print help the poor people to express their ideas on various issues.
Or
Describe the issue of cast as taken by the novelist in India.
Answer:-
1. Jyotiba Phule, Maratha Pioneer of ‘low cast’ protest movements wrote about the injustice of the cast system in his Gulamgiri.
2. In the 20th century, B.R. Ambedkar in Maharashtra and E V Ramaswami Naicker in Madras wrote on cast and their writings were read by people all over India.
3. Local protest movements and sects also created a lot of popular journals and tracks criticising ancient scriptures.
4. Kashibaba, a Kanpur mill worker wrote Chhote Aur Bade Ka Sawal to show the links between cast and class exploitation.
5. The poems of Sudarsan Chakra were brought together and published in a collection called Sacchi Kavitayen.
1. Jyotiba Phule, Maratha Pioneer of ‘low cast’ protest movements wrote about the injustice of the cast system in his Gulamgiri.
2. In the 20th century, B.R. Ambedkar in Maharashtra and E V Ramaswami Naicker in Madras wrote on cast and their writings were read by people all over India.
3. Local protest movements and sects also created a lot of popular journals and tracks criticising ancient scriptures.
4. Kashibaba, a Kanpur mill worker wrote Chhote Aur Bade Ka Sawal to show the links between cast and class exploitation.
5. The poems of Sudarsan Chakra were brought together and published in a collection called Sacchi Kavitayen.
Q36. Why was Vernacular Press Act passed?
Answer:-
After the revolt of 1857, the attitude to freedom of the press changed. Enraged Englishman demanded a clamp down on the native press.
In 1878, The Vernacular Press Act was passed. It was clearly laid down that the vernacular paper should not print anything against the government and they were to submit their proofs to censor.
After the revolt of 1857, the attitude to freedom of the press changed. Enraged Englishman demanded a clamp down on the native press.
In 1878, The Vernacular Press Act was passed. It was clearly laid down that the vernacular paper should not print anything against the government and they were to submit their proofs to censor.
Q37. How did print culture assist the growth of nationalism in India?
Answer:- The print culture had a significant impact on the growth of nationalism in India:-
1. In the beginning of the 19th century, a large quantity of national literature was published which brought about a great revolution in the minds of Indian people.
2. in spite of passing a Vernacular Press Act, nationalist newspaper grew in numbers.
3. They reported on colonial misrule and encouraged nationalist activities.
4. Newspapers like the Hindu, the Kesari, Bombay Samachar and the Amrit Bazaar Patrika played an important role raising the awareness of the people.
5. Punjab revolutionaries were deported Tilak wrote Kesari. It led to his imprisonment in 1908 provoking terms of protest.
1. In the beginning of the 19th century, a large quantity of national literature was published which brought about a great revolution in the minds of Indian people.
2. in spite of passing a Vernacular Press Act, nationalist newspaper grew in numbers.
3. They reported on colonial misrule and encouraged nationalist activities.
4. Newspapers like the Hindu, the Kesari, Bombay Samachar and the Amrit Bazaar Patrika played an important role raising the awareness of the people.
5. Punjab revolutionaries were deported Tilak wrote Kesari. It led to his imprisonment in 1908 provoking terms of protest.
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