Exercise Question Answers-Chapter 4- Food security in India- Class 9 Social Science
Q1. How is food security ensured in India?Answer:
Food security is ensured in India on the basis of the two components, i.e., Buffer Stock and Public Distribution System (PDS).
1. Buffer Stock:
It is the stock of food grains like wheat and rice procured by the government through Food Corporation of India (FCI).
2. Public Distribution System:
The food procured by the FCI is distributed through government regulated ration shops called Fair Price Shops (FPS) among the poorer sections of the society.
Q2. Which are the people more prone to food insecurity?
Answer: A large section of people suffer from food and nutrition insecurity in India. However, the worst affected groups are as follows:
(i) Landless and land-poor households, traditional artisans, providers of traditional services, petty self-employed workers and destitute including beggars (in the rural areas)
(ii) People employed in ill-paid occupations and casual labourers engaged in seasonal activities (in the urban areas)
(iii) People belonging to the backward sections of society, namely SCs, STs and OBCs
(iv) People belonging to economically-backward states with high incidence of poverty, tribal and remote areas and regions more prone to natural disasters
(v) People affected by natural disasters who have to migrate to other areas in search of work
(vi) Large proportion of pregnant and nursing mothers, and children under the age of 5 years.
Q3. Which states are more food insecure in India?
Answer:
The economically backward states with high incidence of poverty are more food insecure in India. The states of Uttar Pradesh (eastern and south-eastern parts), Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal, Chhattisgarh, parts of Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra account for the largest number of food-insecure people in the country.
Q4. Do you believe that Green Revolution has made India self-sufficient in food grains? How?
Answer:
a) In the late 1960s, the Green Revolution introduced the Indian farmer to the cultivation of high-yielding varieties (HYVs) of seeds.
b) The HYVs (coupled with chemical fertilisers and pesticides) led to a growth in the productivity of food grains (especially wheat and rice), thereby helping India attain self-sufficiency in food grains.
c) Since the advent of the Green Revolution, the country has avoided famine even during adverse weather conditions.
Q5. A section of people in india is still without food. Explain.
Answer:-
1. Despite achieving self, sufficiency in food grains, as a result of green revolution, a section of people in India are still without food because of poverty.
2. Thus, the landless labourers, casual urban workers, SCs and STs who are below the poverty line find it impossible to get two square meal a day.
3. The public distribution system is not functioning properly because the Ration shops owners are diverting the grains to the open market.
4. Low quality grains are available at Ration shops, which often remain unsold.
5. Corruption in the public distribution system and extreme poverty are the 2 basic reasons of why some people are still without food in India.
Q6. What happens to the supply of food when there is a disaster or a calamity?
Answer:-
1. When there is a disaster or a calamity, the production of food grains decreases in the affected areas.
2. This in turn creates a shortage of food in the area.
3. Due to food shortage, the prices go up.
4. The raised price of food affects the capacity of many people to buy the same.
5. When a calamity occurs in a very widespread area or is stretched a long period of time, it may causea situation of starvation.
6. Massive starvation can take the form of famine.
Q7. Differentiate between seasonal hunger and chronicle hunger.
Answer:-
A) Seasonal Hunger:-
(i) It is related to cycles of food growing and harvesting.
(ii) This is prevalent in rural areas because of the seasonal nature of agriculture and in urban areas because of casual labour.
(iii) It occurs in the community or society at only certain times of the year.
(iv) Patterns of seasonal hunger persist year after year.
B) Chronic Hunger:-
(i) It is a consequence of diets persistent inadequate in terms of quantity or quality.
(ii) Poor people suffer from chronic hunger bcoz of their very low income. Mostly seen in rural areas.
(iii) It occurs when people lack the opportunity to earn enough money to be educated or gain skills to meet their basic needs.
(iv) Chronic hunger continues for long and leads to death.
Q8. What has our government done to provide food security to the poor? Discuss any two schemes launched by the government.
Answer:
1. The government has designed the food security system carefully to ensure availability of food to all sections of the society.
2. The system is composed of two components, i.e., A) Buffer Stock B) Public Distribution System(PDS).
3. In addition to the above, the government has launched several Poverty Alleviation Programmes that comprise a component of food security.
4. Some of these programmes are Mid-day Meal, Antyodya Anna Yojana( AAY) and Food For Work(FFW).
Q9. Why buffer Stokes created by the government?
Answer:-
1. Buffer Stockis created by the government to ensure availability of food to all the sections of this society.
2. It provides to resolve the problem of shortage of food during adverse weather conditions or during the peruods of calamity.
Q10. Write notes on:
A) Minimum Support Price
B) Buffer Stock
C) Issue Price
D) Fair Price Shops.
Answer:-
A) Minimum Support Price:-
This is the pre-announced price at which the government purchases food grains, particularly wheat and rice from the farmers to create a buffer stock.
This price is announced by the government every year before the sowing season.
B) Buffer Stock:-
It is the stock of food grains, particularly wheat and rice, with the government procures through the Food Corporation of India.
The FCI purchases these cereals directly from the farmers of those states where they are in surplus.
The food grains thus purchased by the FCI are kept in big graneries and called, “Buffer Stock”.
C) Issue Price:-
In order to help the poor strata of the society, the government provides them food grains from the buffer stock at a price much lower than the market price.
This subsidized price is known as the issue price.
D) Fair Price Shops:-
The foodgrains procured by the government through the Food Corporation of India are distributed among the poorer section of the society through Ration shops. These are called fair price shops.
Q11. Write a note on the roll of cooperatives in providing food and related items.
Answer:-
1. The cooperative society set up shops to sell low price goods to poor people such as Mother Diary in Delhi is rapidly growing in providing milk and vegetables to the consumers at control prices announced by the Government of Delhi.
2. Another success story of cooperative lies in Amol cooperative, dealing with milk and milk products from Gujarat. It has brought about white revolution in the country.
3. These cooperatives are functioning in various parts of the country to ensure food security to various sections of the society.
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