Social Science(Minimum Level Learning) Class-9
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MINIMUM LEVEL LEARNING
CLASS 9 SUBJECT-SOCIAL SCIENCE
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HISTORY
Chapter-French Revolution
Q1. When did the French Revolution start?
Answer:- 14th July 1789.
Q2. What did the French Revolution stand for?
Answer:- The French Revolution of 1789 stood for the ideas of Liberty, Equality and Fraternity.
Q3. Describe the divisions of French society?
Answer:-
Before the French Revolution the french society was divided into three estates:
- a) 1st Estate:- The first estate consisted of the church and the clergy. They enjoyed certain privileges by birth. The most important of these privileges was exemption from paying taxes.
- b) 2nd Estate:- The second estate was composed of the nobles and other rich people of the society. These were also exempted from paying taxes.
- c) 3rd Estate:- The third estate was composed of big Businessmen, merchants, court officials, lawyers, artisans, peasants, landless laborers and servants. They paid all of the taxes
Q4. What was Tithe?
A tax levied by the church comprising one tenth of the agricultural produce.
Q5. What was Taille?
Answer:- Direct tax to be paid to the state.
Q6. What do you mean by subsistence?
Answer:- Subsistence crisis is an extreme situation where the basic means of livelihood are endangered.
Q7. What was the role of philosophers in the French revolution? Explain with examples.
Answer:- 1. The philosophers believed that no group in a society should be privileged by birth. They supported a society based on freedom and equal laws.
- In his ‘ Two Treatises of Government‘ John Locke sought to refute the doctrine of the divine and absolute rights of the monarch.
- Rousseau carried the idea forward, proposing a form of government based on the social contract.
- In the ‘Spirit of the Laws‘ Montesquieu proposed a division of power within the government between the legislature, executive and judiciary.
Q8. Describe the circumstances that led to the outbreak of revolutionary protest in France.
Answer: Social factors:
(i) Division of French Society into three Estates.
(ii) 60% of land owned by nobles, church and rich members of the First and Second Estate.
(iii) All taxes paid by the members of the Third Estate and the first two Estates, i.e., clergy and nobility exempted from taxes.
Political factors:
(iv) Louis XVI, an Autocratic ruler.
(v) Depleted treasury by extravagant living and financial help to 13 American colonies.
(vi) To meet the regular expenses of administration started taxing the Third Estate and even increased the taxes.
Q9. Discuss the main causes of the French Revolution.
Answer:
The following are the main causes of the French Revolution:
- Due to the despotic rule of king Louis XVI, taxes were mostly paid by the third estate. It created chaos in the society.
- Only 1st and 2nd estate certain privileges by birth. They were exempted from paying taxes.this discrimination led to the revolution by the 3rd estate.
- The population of France had increased. This resulted in more demand for food grains, the price of bread rose rapidly, the poor were not able to buy high priced bread.
- The philosophers like Locke, Rousseau and Montesquieuspread the ideas of freedom, equal laws and equal opportunities.
- The Role of the middle class started a revolution against the king and 1st and 2nd estate.
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Q-1 Name the group of islands lying in the Arabian sea?
Answer: Lakshadweep islands.
Q2. Name the countries which are larger than India?
Answer: Russia, Canada, USA, China, Brazil, and Australia.
Q3. Which island group of India lies to its south-east?
Answer: Andaman and Nicobar islands.
Q4. Which island countries are our southern neighbors?
Answer: Sri Lanka and Maldives
Q-5 The sun rises two hours earlier in Arunachal Pradesh as compared to Gujarat in the west but the watches show the same time. How does this happen?
Answer: From Gujarat to Arunachal Pradesh, there is a time lag of two hours, but the watches show the same time because the time along the Standard Meridian of India (82° 30’E) passing through Mirzapur in Uttar Pradesh is taken as the standard time for the whole country. Because the same standard time for the whole country has been adopted, the watches show the same time in Arunachal Pradesh, Gujarat, and in all parts of the country.
Q6. The central location of India at the head of the Indian Ocean is considered of great significance. Why?
Answer: The trans-Indian Ocean routes which connect the countries of Europe in the West and the countries of East Asia provide a strategic central location to India.
Q7: What is the latitudinal extent of India? How is the latitudinal spread in India advantageous to her?
Answer: The latitudinal extent of India lies between 8°4’ N and 37°6’ N. This means that the longitudinal expanse is about 30° from west to east.
The advantages of longitudinal spread are :
(a) It influences the duration of the day and night as one moves from South to North.
(b) It also helps to take advantage of the Indian Ocean, the Arabian Sea on the west and the Bay of Bengal on its east for sea movements.
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