Chapter- Population Class -9 Subject -Social Science Exercise Question Answer
1. Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below.
(i) Migrations change the number, distribution and composition of the
population in:
(a) the area of departure (c) both the area of departure and arrival
(b) the area of arrival (d) none of the above
(ii) A large proportion of children in a population is a result of
(a) high birth rates (c) high death rates
(b) high life expectancies (d) more married couples
(iii) The magnitude of population growth refers to
(a) the total population of an area
(b) the number of persons added each year
(c) the rate at which the population increases
(d) the number of females per thousand males
(iv) According to the Census, a “literate” person is one who
(a) can read and write his/her name
(b) can read and write any language
(c) is 7 years old and can read and write any language with understanding
(d) knows the 3 ‘R’s (reading, writing, arithmetic)
2. Answer the Following Questions Briefly
(i) Why is the rate of population growth in India declining since 1981?
Since 1981, the rate of population growth in India has been gradually declining due to factors like:
- Declining Birth Rates: Increased awareness, family planning programs, and better access to contraceptives have led to reduced birth rates.
- Improved Education: Higher literacy rates, especially among women, have contributed to delayed marriages and lower fertility rates.
- Health Improvements: Declining infant and child mortality rates have reduced the need for larger families.
- Urbanization: Migration to urban areas often correlates with lower fertility rates due to lifestyle changes and economic pressures.
(ii) Discuss the Major Components of Population Growth.
Population growth is influenced by three main components:
- Birth Rate: The number of live births per thousand people annually. It is a primary driver of population increase.
- Death Rate: The number of deaths per thousand people annually. A declining death rate due to better healthcare contributes to population growth.
- Migration: The movement of people between regions. Internal migration impacts population distribution, while international migration can affect overall population size.
(iii) Define Age Structure, Death Rate, and Birth Rate.
- Age Structure: The proportion of people in different age groups within a population, typically categorized into children (0–14 years), working-age (15–59 years), and elderly (60+ years).
- Death Rate: The number of deaths per 1,000 individuals per year.
- Birth Rate: The number of live births per 1,000 individuals per year.
(iv) How is Migration a Determinant Factor of Population Change?
Migration affects population change by altering the size, distribution, and composition of a population:
- Internal Migration: Shifts population from rural to urban areas, impacting resource allocation and urbanization.
- International Migration: Adds or reduces a population in a country, influencing demographic structures and labor markets.
- Age and Gender Composition: Migration often involves specific age groups, impacting the dependency ratio and workforce dynamics.
3. Distinguish Between Population Growth and Population Change
- Population Growth: Refers to the increase in the number of individuals in a specific area over a given period. It is mainly influenced by birth and death rates.
- Population Change: Encompasses all factors that alter the population, including births, deaths, and migration, leading to changes in size, distribution, and composition.
4. What is the Relation Between Occupational Structure and Development?
The occupational structure of a country reflects the distribution of its workforce across primary (agriculture), secondary (industry), and tertiary (services) sectors.
- Developing Economies: A majority of the population is engaged in agriculture, indicating low productivity and income.
- Developed Economies: Higher proportions of the workforce are in secondary and tertiary sectors, reflecting industrialization, better services, and higher income levels.
- Transition to Development: As economies develop, labor shifts from agriculture to industry and services, driving growth and modernization.
5. What are the Advantages of Having a Healthy Population?
A healthy population contributes to national development through:
- Increased Productivity: Healthier individuals work more efficiently and for longer periods.
- Lower Healthcare Costs: Reduced disease burden lessens economic strain on families and governments.
- Enhanced Education Outcomes: Healthy children perform better in school, contributing to a skilled workforce.
- Improved Quality of Life: Better health leads to longer lifespans and improved overall well-being.
6. Significant Features of the National Population Policy 2000
The National Population Policy (NPP) 2000 aims to stabilize population growth and promote sustainable development. Its key features include:
- Universal Education: Free and compulsory education up to 14 years of age.
- Reducing Infant Mortality Rate (IMR): Targeting an IMR below 30 per 1,000 live births.
- Universal Immunization: Ensuring all children receive vaccines for preventable diseases.
- Delayed Marriages: Encouraging later marriages, especially for girls, to improve maternal and child health.
- Accessible Contraception: Providing affordable and reliable family planning methods.
- Empowering Women: Improving women’s health, education, and employment opportunities to enhance decision-making and family welfare.
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