NCERT Bridge Course Solutions Class 8 Subject Social Science
Theme-A
India: Agriculture and Soils
Section A: Quiz
- Which of the following crops is a Rabi crop?
(a) Bajra (b) Wheat (c) Maize (d) Cotton
- The soil type most suitable for growing cotton is ______________.
(a) black (b) red (c) sandy (d) laterite
- The Green Revolution in India mainly focused on which type of crop?
(a) Pulses (b) Fruits (c) Food grains (d) Spices
Section B: Questions for Discussion
- Define agriculture and mention two types of farming practised in India.
Answer: Definition of Agriculture & Two Types of Farming in India
- Agriculture: The practice of growing crops and raising animals for food, raw materials, and other products.
- Two Types of Farming in India:
- Subsistence Farming – Farmers grow crops for their own use, with little surplus for sale.
- Commercial Farming – Crops are grown on a large scale for selling in markets and exports.
- Why is crop rotation important for maintaining soil fertility?
Answer: Importance of Crop Rotation for Soil Fertility
- Prevents Soil Nutrient Loss – Different crops use different nutrients, preventing depletion.
- Controls Pests & Diseases – Changing crops disrupts pest life cycles.
- Improves Soil Structure – Some crops, like legumes, add nitrogen, making soil fertile.
- Reduces Dependence on Chemical Fertilizers – Natural replenishment of nutrients.
- Increases Crop Yield – Healthier soil leads to better plant growth.
- Discuss any two challenges faced by the Indian farmers.
Answer: Challenges Faced by Indian Farmers
- Unpredictable Rainfall – Droughts or floods can destroy crops.
- Small Land Holdings – Many farmers have tiny farms, making large-scale production difficult.
- Lack of Modern Equipment – Many still use traditional tools instead of advanced machines.
- Low Prices for Crops – Farmers often do not get fair prices for their produce.
- Debt & Financial Problems – Many farmers struggle with loans and lack financial support.
- Describe a few major types of soil found in India and their characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages.
Answer: Major Types of Soil in India
- Alluvial Soil
- Characteristics: Found in river plains, very fertile.
- Advantages: Good for wheat, rice, and sugarcane.
- Disadvantages: Prone to floods, needs regular fertilization.
2. Black Soil
- Characteristics: Dark, rich in clay, retains moisture.
- Advantages: Best for cotton and sugarcane.
- Disadvantages: Becomes hard when dry, difficult to plow.
3. Red Soil
- Characteristics: Reddish due to iron, found in dry areas.
- Advantages: Good for millets, groundnuts, and pulses.
- Disadvantages: Needs fertilizers for better yield.
4. Laterite Soil
- Characteristics: Found in high rainfall areas, reddish-brown.
- Advantages: Suitable for tea, coffee, and cashew.
- Disadvantages: Loses fertility quickly due to heavy rains.
5. Desert (Arid) Soil
- Characteristics: Sandy, found in Rajasthan and Gujarat.
- Advantages: Supports drought-resistant crops like bajra.
- Disadvantages: Poor water retention, needs irrigation.
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