Chapter – Climate
Class – 9
Subject- Social Science(Geography)
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Q1. What are the controls affecting the climate of India?
Answer. There are six major controls of the climate of any place. They are:
1. Latitude
2. Altitude
3. Pressure and wind system
4. Distance from the sea (continentality)
5. Ocean currents
6. Relief features
1. Latitude
2. Altitude
3. Pressure and wind system
4. Distance from the sea (continentality)
5. Ocean currents
6. Relief features
Q2. Why does India have a monsoon type of climate?
Answer:
1. The monsoon type of climate is characterised by a distinct seasonal pattern.
2. The weather conditions greatly change from one season to the other.
3. The coastal areas do not experience much variation in temperature though there is variation in rainfall patterns.
4. Four main seasons can be identified in India – the cold-weather season, the hot weather season, the advancing monsoon, and the retreating monsoon with some regional variations.
Q3. Which winds account for rainfall along the Malabar Coast?
Answer: Surface winds account for rainfall along the Malabar coast.
Q4. What do you mean by mango showers?
Answer: Mango showers are the pre-monsoon showers that take place on the coast of Kerala and Karnataka. Since they help in the early ripening of mangoes, they are called mango showers.
Q5. What is the climate?
Answer:- Climate refers to the sum total of weather conditions and variations over a large area for a long period of time (more than 30 years).
Q6. What is the weather?
Answer:- Weather refers to the state of the atmosphere over an area at any point of time.
Q7. Explain the characteristics of the cold weather season.
Answer:
1. The cold weather season in India begins during mid November in Northern India and stays till February. December and January are the coldest months.
2. During the winter season 38, the days are warm and nights are cold.
3. When temperature decreases, frost is commonly experienced in Northern India.
4. The cold season in most parts of the country is the dry season as northeast trade winds blow from land to sea.
5. Many cyclonic disturbances occur over northern India during this time. This results in rainfall during winters and snowfall in the Himalayan regions.
6. This winter rainfall helps in the cultivation of the rabi crops.
Q8. Explain the characteristics of hot weather season.
Answer:
1. India experiences the hot weather season from the month of March to May.
2. The temperature in the northern plains of India is between 42 to 45°C and in the Deccan plateau, between 35 to 38°C.
3. Towards the end of May, an elongated low pressure area develops in the region extending from the Thar Desert to Patna and Chotanagpur plateau.
4. During the hot weather season, strong, gusty, hot, dry winds known as the ‘Loo’ blows. Direct exposure to these winds may even prove to be fatal.
5.Dust storms are very common during the month of May in northern India. These storms bring temporary relief as they lower the temperatures.
6. This is also the season of localised thunderstorms associated with violent winds and torrential rains known as Kaal Baisakhi in West Bengal.
Q9. What are the variations in precipitation in India?
Answer:
(a) There are variations not only in the form and types of precipitation but also in its amount and the seasonal distribution.
(b) The rest of the country receives moderate rainfall. Snowfall is restricted to the Himalayan region.
(c) The annual precipitation varies from over 400 cm in Meghalaya to less than 10 cm in Ladakh and western Rajasthan.
(d) Owing to the nature of monsoons, the annual rainfall is highly variable from year to year. Variability is high in the regions of low rainfall, such as parts of Rajasthan, Gujarat and the leeward side of the Western Ghats.
(e) Most parts of the country receive rainfall from June to September but some parts like the Tamil Nadu coast get most of its rains during October and November.
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